Hashing and encoding

The commands that compute checksums and hashes to verify data integrity, and that encode binary data into text and back.

md5sum, sha1sum, sha256sum and the rest — the family of commands that each compute and verify one fixed hash algorithm.

The general checksum tool — compute or verify a digest with any of the supported algorithms.

Compute a small, legacy block checksum of a file.

Encode binary data as text using the base32 or base64 alphabet, and decode it back.

The general encoder — encode and decode data in base64, base32, base16, and several other encodings.