Output and evaluation

The commands that produce text, work with the environment, convert numbers, and evaluate expressions and conditions.

Print arguments as a line of text to standard output.

Print formatted text from a format string and a list of arguments.

Print a line repeatedly until stopped.

Print a sequence of numbers from a start to an end.

Run a command with a modified environment, or print the current environment.

Print the values of environment variables.

Convert numbers between plain digits and human-readable forms.

Evaluate an arithmetic, string, or comparison expression and print the result.

Print the prime factors of numbers.

Evaluate a condition — a file check or a comparison — and report the result as an exit status.

Two commands that do nothing — one always succeeds, the other always fails.

Copy standard input to standard output and to each named file at once.