System and processes

The commands that report on the system, run other commands in a managed way, signal processes, and work with time, terminals, and storage.

Print or set the system date and time, with a flexible output format.

Pause for a given length of time.

Run a command and kill it if it is still running after a time limit.

Run a command so it keeps running after the terminal closes — and how the nohup.out it creates is secured.

Run a command at an adjusted scheduling priority.

Send a signal to a process.

Print system information — the operating system, the kernel, and the machine.

Print the machine's hardware architecture.

Display or set the system's host name.

Print the host's numeric identifier.

Print how many processor cores are available.

Show how long the system has been running.

Flush cached writes out to persistent storage.

Print the name of the terminal connected to standard input.

Display or change terminal settings.

Run a command with altered buffering on its standard streams.

Run a command with a different directory as its root.