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§13.6

ABI Reference

Normative byte-level ABI reference for the KACS v0.20 kernel/userspace boundary. All values are little-endian on x86_64 unless stated otherwise. An independent implementor can write compatible code from this page alone.

§13.6.1 1. Syscall Table

KACS syscalls occupy the 1000-1099 range in the x86_64 syscall table. The event subsystem uses 1050.

Number Name Parameters Return
1000 kacs_open_self_token unsigned int flags, u32 access_mask Token fd (>= 0) or -errno
1001 kacs_open_process_token int pidfd, u32 access_mask Token fd (>= 0) or -errno
1002 kacs_open_thread_token int pidfd, int tid, u32 access_mask Token fd (>= 0) or -errno
1003 kacs_create_token const void __user *spec, size_t len Token fd (>= 0) or -errno
1004 kacs_create_session const void __user *spec, size_t len Session ID (u64, >= 0) or -errno
1005 kacs_set_psb int pidfd, u32 mitigations 0 or -errno
1010 kacs_open_peer_token int conn_fd Token fd (>= 0) or -errno
1011 kacs_impersonate_peer int conn_fd 0 or -errno
1012 kacs_revert (none) 0
1013 kacs_set_impersonation_level int sock_fd, u32 level 0 or -errno
1020 kacs_open int dirfd, const char __user *path, struct kacs_open_how __user *uhow, size_t howsize, u32 __user *status_out File fd (>= 0) or -errno
1021 kacs_get_sd int dirfd, const char __user *path, u32 security_info, void __user *buf, u32 buf_len, u32 flags SD size in bytes (>= 0) or -errno. Always returns the total SD size, even on probe calls (buf_len=0).
1022 kacs_set_sd int dirfd, const char __user *path, u32 security_info, const void __user *sd_buf, u32 sd_len, u32 flags 0 or -errno
1023 kacs_access_check struct kacs_access_check_args __user *uargs Granted mask (>= 0) or -errno
1024 kacs_access_check_list struct kacs_access_check_args __user *uargs, struct kacs_node_result __user *results, u32 results_count 0 or -errno
1025 kacs_set_caap const void __user *policy_sid, u32 policy_sid_len, const void __user *spec, u32 spec_len 0 or -errno
1050 event_emit const void __user *body, u32 body_len 0 or -errno

§13.6.1.1 Syscall 1000: kacs_open_self_token flags

Flag Value Meaning
KACS_REAL_TOKEN 0x01 Return the primary token even if the thread is impersonating

§13.6.1.2 Syscall 1005: kacs_set_psb mitigations bitmask

Flag Value Meaning
KACS_MIT_WXP 0x001 Write-XOR-Execute
KACS_MIT_TLP 0x002 Trusted Library Paths
KACS_MIT_LSV 0x004 Library Signature Verification
KACS_MIT_CFI 0x008 Legacy: sets both CFIF + CFIB
KACS_MIT_UI_ACCESS 0x010 UI interaction (reserved)
KACS_MIT_NO_CHILD 0x020 Cannot fork (one-way)
KACS_MIT_CFIF 0x040 Forward-edge CFI (IBT)
KACS_MIT_CFIB 0x080 Backward-edge CFI (shadow stack)
KACS_MIT_PIE 0x100 Reject non-PIE binaries at exec
KACS_MIT_SML 0x200 Speculation mitigation lock
KACS_MIT_ALL 0x3FF All valid flags OR'd

§13.6.1.3 PIP type constants

Constant Value
PIP_TYPE_NONE 0
PIP_TYPE_PROTECTED 512
PIP_TYPE_ISOLATED 1024

§13.6.1.4 Syscall 1013: Impersonation levels

Constant Value
KACS_LEVEL_ANONYMOUS 0
KACS_LEVEL_IDENTIFICATION 1
KACS_LEVEL_IMPERSONATION 2
KACS_LEVEL_DELEGATION 3

§13.6.1.5 Syscall 1020: kacs_open create dispositions

Constant Value Behavior
KACS_FILE_SUPERSEDE 0 Delete existing + create new
KACS_FILE_OPEN 1 Open existing, fail if not found
KACS_FILE_CREATE 2 Create new, fail if exists
KACS_FILE_OPEN_IF 3 Open if exists, create if not
KACS_FILE_OVERWRITE 4 Truncate existing, fail if not found
KACS_FILE_OVERWRITE_IF 5 Truncate if exists, create if not

§13.6.1.6 Syscall 1023: Privilege intent flags

Constant Value Meaning
KACS_BACKUP_INTENT 0x01 Request backup privilege evaluation
KACS_RESTORE_INTENT 0x02 Request restore privilege evaluation

§13.6.1.7 Syscall 1021/1022: SECURITY_INFORMATION flags

Constant Value
OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION 0x01
GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION 0x02
DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION 0x04
SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION 0x08
LABEL_SECURITY_INFORMATION 0x10

§13.6.2 2. Ioctl Commands

All ioctls are issued on a KACS token fd (an anon_inode with kacs-token name and O_CLOEXEC).

KACS_IOC_MAGIC = 'K' (0x4B)

Name Direction Number Arg Struct Required Access
KACS_IOC_QUERY _IOWR 0 struct kacs_query_args KACS_TOKEN_QUERY
KACS_IOC_ADJUST_PRIVS _IOW 1 struct kacs_adjust_privs_args KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVS
KACS_IOC_DUPLICATE _IOWR 2 struct kacs_duplicate_args KACS_TOKEN_DUPLICATE
KACS_IOC_INSTALL _IO 3 (none) KACS_TOKEN_ASSIGN_PRIMARY
KACS_IOC_RESTRICT _IOWR 4 struct kacs_restrict_args KACS_TOKEN_DUPLICATE
KACS_IOC_LINK_TOKENS _IOW 5 struct kacs_link_tokens_args Both elevated_fd and filtered_fd require KACS_TOKEN_DUPLICATE. Caller requires SeTcbPrivilege.
KACS_IOC_GET_LINKED_TOKEN _IOWR 6 struct kacs_get_linked_token_args KACS_TOKEN_QUERY
KACS_IOC_ADJUST_GROUPS _IOW 7 struct kacs_adjust_groups_args KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_GROUPS
KACS_IOC_IMPERSONATE _IO 8 (none) KACS_TOKEN_IMPERSONATE
KACS_IOC_ADJUST_DEFAULT _IOW 9 struct kacs_adjust_default_args KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_DEFAULT
KACS_IOC_ADJUST_SESSIONID _IOW 10 u32 (session ID value) KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_SESSIONID + SeTcbPrivilege

§13.6.3 3. Token Query Classes

Passed as the token_class field in struct kacs_query_args. The query populates a caller-supplied buffer via the buf_ptr/buf_len fields. When buf_ptr is 0 or buf_len is 0, the kernel returns the required buffer size in buf_len (size query).

Class Value Name Payload layout
1 0x01 TOKEN_CLASS_USER Binary SID (variable length: 8 + 4*SubAuthorityCount bytes)
2 0x02 TOKEN_CLASS_GROUPS [count:u32le] then per group: [sid_len:u32le][sid_bytes][attrs:u32le]
3 0x03 TOKEN_CLASS_PRIVILEGES [present:u64le][enabled:u64le][enabled_by_default:u64le][used:u64le] (32 bytes)
4 0x04 TOKEN_CLASS_TYPE [type:u32le] — 1=Primary, 2=Impersonation (4 bytes)
5 0x05 TOKEN_CLASS_INTEGRITY_LEVEL Binary integrity SID: S-1-16-{rid} in SID binary format
6 0x06 TOKEN_CLASS_OWNER Binary SID — resolved from owner_sid_index (0=user, N=groups[N-1])
7 0x07 TOKEN_CLASS_PRIMARY_GROUP Binary SID — resolved from primary_group_index (0=user, N=groups[N-1])
8 0x08 TOKEN_CLASS_SESSION_ID [interactive_session_id:u32le] (4 bytes)
9 0x09 TOKEN_CLASS_RESTRICTED_SIDS Same format as class 2. [count:u32le] then per SID: [sid_len:u32le][sid_bytes][attrs:u32le]. Count=0 if unrestricted.
10 0x0A TOKEN_CLASS_SOURCE [name:8 bytes][source_id:u64le] (16 bytes)
11 0x0B TOKEN_CLASS_STATISTICS [token_id:u64le][auth_id:u64le][modified_id:u64le][type:u32le][_pad:u32le][expiration:u64le] (40 bytes)
12 0x0C TOKEN_CLASS_ORIGIN [origin:u64le] (8 bytes)
13 0x0D TOKEN_CLASS_ELEVATION_TYPE [type:u32le] — 1=Default, 2=Full, 3=Limited (4 bytes)
14 0x0E TOKEN_CLASS_DEVICE_GROUPS Same format as class 2. Count=0 if no device groups.
15 0x0F TOKEN_CLASS_APPCONTAINER_SID Binary SID (confinement SID). Empty if not confined.
16 0x10 TOKEN_CLASS_CAPABILITIES Same format as class 2 (confinement capabilities).
17 0x11 TOKEN_CLASS_MANDATORY_POLICY [policy:u32le] — NO_WRITE_UP=0x0001, NEW_PROCESS_MIN=0x0002 (4 bytes)
18 0x12 TOKEN_CLASS_LOGON_TYPE [logon_type:u32le] — Interactive=2, Network=3, Batch=4, Service=5, NetworkCleartext=8, NewCredentials=9 (4 bytes)
19 0x13 TOKEN_CLASS_LOGON_SID Binary SID: S-1-5-5-{high}-{low} in SID binary format
20 0x14 TOKEN_CLASS_DEFAULT_DACL Binary ACL in self-relative format. Empty if no default DACL.
21 0x15 TOKEN_CLASS_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL [level:u32le] — Anonymous=0, Identification=1, Impersonation=2, Delegation=3 (4 bytes). Primary tokens always return Anonymous (0).

§13.6.4 4. Struct Layouts

All structs use natural alignment. Sizes assume LP64 (x86_64).

§13.6.4.1 struct kacs_access_check_args

Total size: 136 bytes. Minimum accepted size (v1): 40 bytes (KACS_ACCESS_CHECK_ARGS_V1_SIZE). Fields beyond the caller's struct size are zero-initialized (audit context, continuous_audit_out, staging_mismatch_out all default to null).

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 size u32 sizeof(struct) for versioning
4 4 token_fd s32 Token to evaluate (-1 = calling thread's effective token)
8 8 sd_ptr u64 Userspace pointer to self-relative SD
16 4 sd_len u32 Length of SD in bytes
20 4 desired_access u32 Requested access rights
24 4 generic_read u32 Object-specific GenericMapping: read
28 4 generic_write u32 Object-specific GenericMapping: write
32 4 generic_execute u32 Object-specific GenericMapping: execute
36 4 generic_all u32 Object-specific GenericMapping: all
40 8 self_sid_ptr u64 PRINCIPAL_SELF substitution SID (0 = none)
48 4 self_sid_len u32 Length of self SID
52 4 privilege_intent u32 KACS_BACKUP_INTENT / KACS_RESTORE_INTENT
56 8 object_tree_ptr u64 OBJECT_TYPE_LIST array (0 = none)
64 4 object_tree_count u32 Number of object type entries
68 4 _pad0 u32 Reserved, must be 0 (alignment padding)
72 8 local_claims_ptr u64 Conditional ACE claims (0 = none)
80 4 local_claims_len u32 Length of local claims
84 4 _pad1 u32 Reserved, must be 0 (alignment padding)
88 8 granted_out_ptr u64 Output: pointer to u32 for granted mask. 0 = not used. In scalar syscall 1023, the same granted mask is also returned directly in the syscall return value. In syscall 1024 (kacs_access_check_list), this pointer receives the root node's granted mask (the intersection value) because the syscall return value is 0/-errno. A bad pointer returns -EFAULT.
96 4 pip_type u32 PIP type for evaluation. 0 = use the calling process's pip_type (set at exec from binary signature).
100 4 pip_trust u32 PIP trust for evaluation. 0 = use the calling process's pip_trust (set at exec from binary signature).
104 8 audit_context_ptr u64 Pointer to opaque audit context blob (0 = no object identification in audit events).
112 4 audit_context_len u32 Length of audit context blob in bytes. Max 4096.
116 4 _pad2 u32 Reserved, must be 0 (alignment padding).
120 8 continuous_audit_out_ptr u64 Output: pointer to u32 for continuous audit mask from alarm ACEs. 0 = not used. Written even on -EACCES.
128 8 staging_mismatch_out_ptr u64 Output: pointer to u32 for staging mismatch flag. 0 = not used. Written as 1 if CAAP staged result differs from effective. In scalar mode this includes scalar grant deltas and audit deltas. In result-list mode it is also written as 1 if any node's staged granted mask differs from that node's effective granted mask.

Total size: 136 bytes.

§13.6.4.2 struct kacs_query_args

Total size: 16 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 token_class u32 TOKEN_CLASS_* constant
4 4 buf_len u32 In: buffer size. Out: required/actual size
8 8 buf_ptr u64 Userspace pointer to output buffer

§13.6.4.3 struct kacs_adjust_privs_args

Total size: 24 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 count u32 Number of kacs_priv_entry elements (max 64)
4 4 _pad u32 Reserved, must be 0 (alignment padding)
8 8 data_ptr u64 Userspace pointer to kacs_priv_entry[] array
16 8 previous_enabled u64 Output: enabled bitmask before adjustment

§13.6.4.4 struct kacs_priv_entry

Total size: 8 bytes. Array element pointed to by kacs_adjust_privs_args.data_ptr.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 luid u32 Privilege bit position (0-63)
4 4 attributes u32 SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED (0x02) / SE_PRIVILEGE_REMOVED (0x04) / 0 (disable)

§13.6.4.5 struct kacs_duplicate_args

Total size: 16 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 access_mask u32 Access rights for the new handle
4 4 token_type u32 1 = Primary, 2 = Impersonation
8 4 impersonation_level u32 0-3 (Anonymous through Delegation)
12 4 result_fd s32 Output: fd for the new token

§13.6.4.6 struct kacs_restrict_args

Total size: 40 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 8 privs_to_delete u64 Bitmask of privileges to permanently remove
8 4 num_deny_indices u32 Count of group indices to flip to deny-only
12 4 num_restrict_sids u32 Count of restricting SIDs to add
16 4 data_len u32 Total length of variable data at data_ptr
20 4 flags u32 Bit 0: KACS_RESTRICT_WRITE_RESTRICTED (0x01) — enable write-restricted mode + user_deny_only. All other bits reserved, must be 0.
24 8 data_ptr u64 Userspace pointer: u32[] deny indices, then binary SIDs
32 4 result_fd s32 Output: new restricted token fd
36 4 (implicit padding) Struct padding to 40 bytes

§13.6.4.7 struct kacs_link_tokens_args

Total size: 16 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 elevated_fd s32 fd to the elevated/full token
4 4 filtered_fd s32 fd to the filtered/limited token
8 8 session_id u64 Logon session to link them on

§13.6.4.8 struct kacs_get_linked_token_args

Total size: 4 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 result_fd s32 Output: fd to the partner token

§13.6.4.9 struct kacs_adjust_groups_args

Total size: 24 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 count u32 Number of kacs_group_entry elements (max 256)
4 4 _pad u32 Reserved, must be 0 (alignment padding)
8 8 data_ptr u64 Userspace pointer to kacs_group_entry[] array
16 8 previous_state u64 Output: bitmask of previous enabled state (up to 64 groups)

§13.6.4.10 struct kacs_group_entry

Total size: 8 bytes. Array element pointed to by kacs_adjust_groups_args.data_ptr.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 index u32 Group index (0xFFFFFFFF in first entry = reset all groups)
4 4 enable u32 1 = enable, 0 = disable

§13.6.4.11 struct kacs_adjust_default_args

Total size: 16 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 8 dacl_ptr u64 Userspace pointer to binary ACL. Three-way encoding: dacl_ptr=0, dacl_len=0 → no change; dacl_ptr!=0, dacl_len>0 → replace DACL; dacl_ptr!=0, dacl_len=0 → clear DACL (set to null).
8 4 dacl_len u32 ACL length in bytes (max 65536). See dacl_ptr for semantics.
12 2 owner_index u16 New owner SID index (0xFFFF = don't change)
14 2 group_index u16 New primary group index (0xFFFF = don't change)

§13.6.4.12 struct kacs_open_how

Total size: 32 bytes. Passed by pointer to syscall 1020 (kacs_open).

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 desired_access __u32 KACS access mask (FILE_READ_DATA, etc.)
4 4 create_disposition __u32 KACS_FILE_* constant (0-5)
8 4 create_options __u32 Create options flags
12 4 flags __u32 AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW etc.
16 8 sd_ptr __aligned_u64 Userspace pointer to creator SD (0 = inherit from parent)
24 4 sd_len __u32 Length of creator SD
28 4 __pad __u32 Reserved, must be 0

§13.6.4.13 struct kacs_node_result

Total size: 8 bytes. Output array element for syscall 1024 (kacs_access_check_list).

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 granted u32 Access mask granted for this node
4 4 status s32 0 = granted, -EACCES = denied

§13.6.4.14 struct kacs_object_type_entry

Total size: 20 bytes. Input array element referenced by kacs_access_check_args.object_tree_ptr.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 2 level u16 Tree depth. Root MUST be 0. Children appear immediately after their parent subtree in preorder.
2 2 _reserved u16 Reserved, must be 0.
4 16 guid u8[16] Node GUID. Uses the same 16-byte binary GUID form as object ACE ObjectType fields.

object_tree_ptr points to a flat preorder array of struct kacs_object_type_entry values, object_tree_count entries long. The semantic validation rules are the same as the Object ACEs section:

  • the array MUST NOT be empty when provided
  • the first entry MUST have level = 0
  • there MUST be exactly one level-0 entry
  • level gaps MUST be rejected
  • duplicate GUIDs MUST be rejected
  • every _reserved field MUST be 0

This ABI carries only the information the evaluator consumes: tree depth and GUID identity. Parentage is derived from preorder depth transitions.

§13.6.5 5. Token Wire Format (kacs_create_token spec)

Binary layout passed to syscall 1003 (kacs_create_token). Fixed 192-byte header followed by variable-length sections. Offsets in the header point to the variable sections. All offset/length pairs: offset=0 AND length=0 means absent/none.

Wire format version: TOKEN_SPEC_VERSION = 2

Minimum size: 192 bytes (header only). Maximum size: 65536 bytes.

§13.6.5.1 Header (192 bytes)

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 version u32 Must be 2 (TOKEN_SPEC_VERSION)
4 1 token_type u8 1 = Primary, 2 = Impersonation
5 1 impersonation_level u8 0 = Anonymous, 1 = Identification, 2 = Impersonation, 3 = Delegation
6 2 _reserved0 u8[2] Must be 0
8 4 integrity_rid u32 Integrity level RID: 0=Untrusted, 4096=Low, 8192=Medium, 12288=High, 16384=System
12 4 mandatory_policy u32 NO_WRITE_UP=0x01, NEW_PROCESS_MIN=0x02
16 8 privs_present u64 Bitmask of privileges present
24 8 privs_enabled u64 Bitmask of privileges initially enabled. The kernel initializes enabled_by_default to this same value — no separate wire field. AdjustPrivileges reset-to-defaults restores enabled to this value.
32 4 _reserved1 u32 Must be 0 (elevation_type set only by LINK_TOKENS)
36 4 projected_uid u32 Linux UID for credential projection
40 4 projected_gid u32 Linux GID for credential projection
44 4 audit_policy u32 Per-token audit flags (OBJECT_ACCESS_SUCCESS=0x01, etc.)
48 8 expiration u64 Expiration timestamp. 0 = no expiry.
56 8 session_id u64 Logon session ID (used as auth_id)
64 4 owner_sid_index u32 Owner SID index: 0=user SID, 1..N=group
68 4 primary_group_index u32 Primary group SID index: 0=user SID, 1..N=group
72 8 source_name u8[8] Token source name (e.g. "authd\0\0\0")
80 8 source_id u64 Token source identifier (LUID)
88 4 user_sid_offset u32 Byte offset to user SID
92 4 groups_offset u32 Byte offset to groups array
96 4 groups_count u32 Number of group entries in the groups array
100 4 default_dacl_offset u32 Byte offset to default DACL (0=none)
104 4 default_dacl_len u32 Default DACL length (0=none)
108 4 user_claims_offset u32 Byte offset to user claims array (0=none)
112 4 user_claims_len u32 User claims total byte length (0=none)
116 4 device_claims_offset u32 Byte offset to device claims array (0=none)
120 4 device_claims_len u32 Device claims total byte length (0=none)
124 4 device_groups_offset u32 Byte offset to device groups array (0=none)
128 4 device_groups_count u32 Number of device group entries (0=none)
132 4 restricted_sids_offset u32 Byte offset to restricted SIDs array (0=none)
136 4 restricted_sids_count u32 Number of restricted SID entries (0=none)
140 4 confinement_sid_offset u32 Byte offset to confinement SID (0=none)
144 4 confinement_sid_len u32 Confinement SID length (0=none)
148 4 confinement_caps_offset u32 Byte offset to confinement capabilities array (0=none)
152 4 confinement_caps_count u32 Number of confinement capability entries (0=none)
156 1 confinement_exempt u8 1=exempt from confinement, 0=normal
157 1 write_restricted u8 1=write-restricted mode, 0=normal
158 1 user_deny_only u8 1=user SID matches deny ACEs only, 0=normal
159 1 isolation_boundary u8 1=enable namespace filtering (not enforced in v0.20), 0=normal
160 4 supp_gids_offset u32 Byte offset to projected supplementary GIDs array (0=none)
164 4 supp_gids_count u32 Number of supplementary GID entries (0=none)
168 4 restricted_device_groups_offset u32 Byte offset to restricted device groups (0=none)
172 4 restricted_device_groups_count u32 Number of restricted device group entries (0=none)
176 8 origin u64 Originating logon session LUID (0 for non-derived tokens)
184 4 interactive_session_id u32 Interactive session number (0 for services)
188 4 _reserved3 u32 Must be 0

§13.6.5.2 Variable sections

All variable sections are located at their header-specified offsets. Sections may appear in any order. The kernel validates that all offsets + lengths fall within the spec buffer.

User SID

At user_sid_offset. Binary SID: [revision:u8][sub_count:u8][authority:u8[6]][sub_authorities:u32le[sub_count]].

Groups array

At groups_offset. Repeated groups_count times. Each entry:

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 4 sid_len u32 Length of the following SID in bytes
4 var sid u8[sid_len] Binary SID
4+sid_len 4 attributes u32 Group attributes (SE_GROUP_* flags)

The kernel derives the logon SID from session_id (S-1-5-5-{session_id >> 32}-{session_id & 0xFFFFFFFF}) and appends it to the groups array with SE_GROUP_MANDATORY | SE_GROUP_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT | SE_GROUP_ENABLED | SE_GROUP_LOGON_ID. Callers MUST NOT include the logon SID in the supplied groups. owner_sid_index and primary_group_index are interpreted relative to the caller-supplied groups only (0 = user SID, 1..N = caller's groups[0..N-1]), not including the injected logon SID.

Default DACL (optional)

At default_dacl_offset with length default_dacl_len. Binary ACL format.

User claims / Device claims (optional)

At their respective offsets. Each is a KACS claim array:

repeat until buffer exhausted:
  [entry_len:u32le]
  [entry_bytes: entry_len bytes]

where entry_bytes is one claim entry using the Claim Attribute Format section. Total byte length is given by the _len field.

Device groups / Restricted SIDs / Confinement capabilities / Restricted device groups (optional)

Same format as the groups array (sid_len + sid + attributes per entry). Count given by the _count field.

Confinement SID (optional)

At confinement_sid_offset. Single binary SID. Length given by confinement_sid_len.

Projected supplementary GIDs (optional)

At supp_gids_offset. Array of u32le GID values, supp_gids_count entries.

§13.6.6 6. Session Wire Format (kacs_create_session spec)

Binary layout passed to syscall 1004 (kacs_create_session). Minimum size: 15 bytes (1 + 2 + 0 + 4 + 8 = empty auth_package + minimum SID). Maximum size: 4096 bytes.

Offset Size Field Type Description
0 1 logon_type u8 Logon type value (see table below)
1 2 auth_pkg_len u16 Length of auth package name
3 var auth_pkg u8[auth_pkg_len] Authentication package name (e.g. "Negotiate", "Kerberos")
3+auth_pkg_len 4 user_sid_len u32 Length of user SID
7+auth_pkg_len var user_sid u8[user_sid_len] Binary SID of the authenticated user

§13.6.6.1 Logon types

Type Value Meaning
Interactive 2 Console or GUI login
Network 3 Network authentication (SMB, HTTP, etc.)
Batch 4 Batch job (scheduled task)
Service 5 System service
NetworkCleartext 8 Network cleartext (FTP, HTTP Basic)
NewCredentials 9 New credentials (runas-style)

§13.6.6.2 Logon SID derivation

The kernel assigns a session ID (u64) and derives the logon SID as: S-1-5-5-{session_id >> 32}-{session_id & 0xFFFFFFFF}.

§13.6.7 7. Forward Compatibility Rules

§13.6.7.1 kacs_access_check_args versioning

The size field at offset 0 of struct kacs_access_check_args enables forward-compatible extension. The kernel copies min(usize, sizeof(struct kacs_access_check_args)) bytes from userspace. Fields beyond the caller's struct size are zero-initialized. The minimum accepted size is KACS_ACCESS_CHECK_ARGS_V1_SIZE = 40 bytes (through generic_all).

New fields are appended to the end of the struct. Older userspace that passes a smaller size gets zero-filled defaults for new fields. Newer userspace on an older kernel simply has trailing fields ignored.

§13.6.7.2 kacs_open howsize versioning

Syscall 1020 (kacs_open) takes a howsize parameter specifying the size of the caller's struct kacs_open_how. The kernel uses the same copy-min pattern as kacs_access_check_args: it copies min(howsize, sizeof(struct kacs_open_how)) bytes from userspace, zero-initializing any fields the caller did not provide. The minimum accepted howsize is 16 bytes (through flags). If the caller provides a larger struct than the kernel knows about, trailing bytes beyond the kernel's struct size MUST all be zero — otherwise -EINVAL is returned (preventing old kernels from silently ignoring new flags).

§13.6.8 8. Process Access Rights

Object-specific access rights for process objects (bits 0-15). Used in process SD DACLs and AccessCheck calls for kacs_open_process_token, ptrace, signals, etc.

Constant Value Bit Description
PROCESS_TERMINATE 0x0001 0 Terminate the process (SIGKILL, SIGTERM, etc.)
PROCESS_SIGNAL 0x0002 1 Send non-lethal signals
PROCESS_VM_READ 0x0010 4 Read virtual memory (PTRACE_MODE_READ)
PROCESS_VM_WRITE 0x0020 5 Write virtual memory (PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH)
PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE 0x0040 6 Duplicate handles (pidfd_getfd)
PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION 0x0200 9 Set process attributes (prctl, etc.)
PROCESS_SUSPEND_RESUME 0x0800 11 Send stop/continue signals (SIGSTOP, SIGTSTP, SIGCONT, etc.)
PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION 0x0400 10 Query process information, open process token
PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED 0x1000 12 Query limited information (pidfd_open)

§13.6.9 9. File/Directory Access Rights

Object-specific access rights for file and directory objects (bits 0-8). Used in file/directory SD DACLs and the desired_access field of kacs_open_how.

§13.6.9.1 File rights

Constant Value Bit Description
FILE_READ_DATA 0x0001 0 Read file data
FILE_WRITE_DATA 0x0002 1 Write file data
FILE_APPEND_DATA 0x0004 2 Append data
FILE_READ_EA 0x0008 3 Read extended attributes
FILE_WRITE_EA 0x0010 4 Write extended attributes
FILE_EXECUTE 0x0020 5 Execute file
FILE_DELETE_CHILD 0x0040 6 (Directory only) Delete child entries
FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES 0x0080 7 Read file attributes
FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES 0x0100 8 Write file attributes

§13.6.9.2 Directory aliases

These constants occupy the same bit positions but carry directory-specific semantics:

Constant Value Alias for
FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY 0x0001 FILE_READ_DATA
FILE_ADD_FILE 0x0002 FILE_WRITE_DATA
FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY 0x0004 FILE_APPEND_DATA
FILE_TRAVERSE 0x0020 FILE_EXECUTE

§13.6.9.3 Standard rights (common to all object types)

Constant Value Bit Description
DELETE 0x00010000 16 Delete the object
READ_CONTROL 0x00020000 17 Read the security descriptor
WRITE_DAC 0x00040000 18 Modify the DACL
WRITE_OWNER 0x00080000 19 Change the owner SID
SYNCHRONIZE 0x00100000 20 Synchronize on the object
ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY 0x01000000 24 Read/write SACL (requires SeSecurityPrivilege)
MAXIMUM_ALLOWED 0x02000000 25 Query mode: compute maximum grantable mask

§13.6.9.4 Generic rights (mapped per object type)

Constant Value Bit
GENERIC_ALL 0x10000000 28
GENERIC_EXECUTE 0x20000000 29
GENERIC_WRITE 0x40000000 30
GENERIC_READ 0x80000000 31

§13.6.10 10. Token Access Rights

Per-handle access rights on a KACS token fd. Specified as the access_mask parameter to kacs_open_self_token, kacs_open_process_token, etc. and checked on each ioctl.

Constant Value Bit Description
KACS_TOKEN_ASSIGN_PRIMARY 0x0001 0 Install as process primary token (IOC_INSTALL)
KACS_TOKEN_DUPLICATE 0x0002 1 Duplicate the token (IOC_DUPLICATE, IOC_RESTRICT)
KACS_TOKEN_IMPERSONATE 0x0004 2 Impersonate the token (IOC_IMPERSONATE)
KACS_TOKEN_QUERY 0x0008 3 Query token attributes (IOC_QUERY, IOC_GET_LINKED_TOKEN)
KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVS 0x0020 5 Adjust privileges (IOC_ADJUST_PRIVS)
KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_GROUPS 0x0040 6 Adjust groups (IOC_ADJUST_GROUPS)
KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_DEFAULT 0x0080 7 Adjust default DACL/owner/group (IOC_ADJUST_DEFAULT)
KACS_TOKEN_ADJUST_SESSIONID 0x0100 8 Adjust interactive session ID (IOC_ADJUST_SESSIONID)
KACS_TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS 0x000F01FF 0-8, 16-19 All token-specific rights (0x01FF, including reserved bit 4 = 0x0010 for TOKEN_QUERY_SOURCE) + STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED (DELETE | READ_CONTROL | WRITE_DAC | WRITE_OWNER = 0x000F0000)

§13.6.11 11. IPC Access Rights

Object-specific access rights for SysV IPC objects (shared memory segments, semaphore arrays, message queues). Used in IPC object SD DACLs.

Constant Value Bit Description
IPC_READ_DATA 0x0001 0 Read object data (shmat read, semctl GETVAL/GETALL, msgrcv)
IPC_WRITE_DATA 0x0002 1 Write/modify object data (shmat write, semop alter, semctl SETVAL/SETALL, msgsnd)
IPC_READ_ATTRIBUTES 0x0004 2 Query object attributes (IPC_STAT, GETPID/GETNCNT/GETZCNT)
IPC_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES 0x0008 3 Modify object attributes (IPC_SET)

§13.6.11.1 IPC GenericMapping

Generic right Maps to
GENERIC_READ IPC_READ_DATA | IPC_READ_ATTRIBUTES | READ_CONTROL | SYNCHRONIZE
GENERIC_WRITE IPC_WRITE_DATA | IPC_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES | WRITE_DAC | SYNCHRONIZE
GENERIC_EXECUTE IPC_READ_ATTRIBUTES | READ_CONTROL | SYNCHRONIZE
GENERIC_ALL IPC_READ_DATA | IPC_WRITE_DATA | IPC_READ_ATTRIBUTES | IPC_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES | DELETE | READ_CONTROL | WRITE_DAC | WRITE_OWNER | SYNCHRONIZE

§13.6.11.2 Privilege attribute constants (for kacs_priv_entry)

Constant Value
SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED 0x00000002
SE_PRIVILEGE_REMOVED 0x00000004

§13.6.11.3 Group attribute constants (for SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES in query results)

Constant Value Description
SE_GROUP_MANDATORY 0x00000001 Cannot be disabled via AdjustGroups
SE_GROUP_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT 0x00000002 Enabled at creation time
SE_GROUP_ENABLED 0x00000004 Currently enabled for access checking
SE_GROUP_OWNER 0x00000008 Can be set as default owner for new objects
SE_GROUP_USE_FOR_DENY_ONLY 0x00000010 Matches deny ACEs only, not allow ACEs
SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY 0x00000020 Identifies an integrity level SID
SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY_ENABLED 0x00000040 Used with SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY
SE_GROUP_RESOURCE 0x20000000 Domain-local group from resource domain
SE_GROUP_LOGON_ID 0xC0000000 Identifies the per-session logon SID

§13.6.11.4 Logon type values (for session wire format and TOKEN_CLASS_LOGON_TYPE)

Type Value
Interactive 2
Network 3
Batch 4
Service 5
NetworkCleartext 8
NewCredentials 9

§13.6.11.5 Logon SID derivation

The logon SID is derived from the session ID (a u64 LUID):

S-1-5-5-{session_id >> 32}-{session_id & 0xFFFFFFFF}

Authority = 5 (NT Authority), first sub-authority = 5 (Logon SID prefix), second sub-authority = high 32 bits of session ID, third sub-authority = low 32 bits.

§13.6.11.6 SID binary format endianness note

SIDs use mixed endianness per MS-DTYP: the 6-byte IdentifierAuthority field is big-endian, while the SubAuthority[] array entries are little-endian u32 values. This is an exception to the global little-endian rule stated at the top of this document.

§13.6.11.7 kacs_open_how create options

Constant Value Description
KACS_CREATE_OPT_DIRECTORY 0x0001 The target must be a directory
KACS_CREATE_OPT_DELETE_ON_CLOSE 0x0002 Delete the file when the last handle is closed

§13.6.11.8 kacs_get_sd / kacs_set_sd flags

The flags parameter accepts standard Linux AT_* flags:

Flag Value Description
AT_EMPTY_PATH 0x1000 Operate on the fd itself (not a path relative to it)
AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW 0x100 Do not follow symlinks

§13.6.11.9 kacs_open status_out values

Written to the status_out pointer (if non-NULL) after kacs_open completes:

Status Value Description
KACS_STATUS_OPENED 1 Existing file was opened
KACS_STATUS_CREATED 2 New file was created
KACS_STATUS_OVERWRITTEN 3 Existing file was truncated to zero
KACS_STATUS_SUPERSEDED 4 Existing file was deleted and recreated

§13.6.11.10 Empty query results

When a query class returns an optional value that is absent:

  • Optional SID (e.g., TOKEN_CLASS_APPCONTAINER_SID when not confined): zero bytes returned (buf_len output = 0).
  • Optional ACL (e.g., TOKEN_CLASS_DEFAULT_DACL when no default DACL): zero bytes returned.
  • Optional SID array (e.g., TOKEN_CLASS_RESTRICTED_SIDS when unrestricted): [count:u32le = 0] (4 bytes).

§13.6.11.11 Privilege bit positions (LUID values)

Each privilege is a bit position in a u64 bitmask. Standard Windows-compatible positions (bits 2-35), Peios custom (bits 62-63).

Privilege Bit Bitmask
SeCreateTokenPrivilege 2 0x0000000000000004
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege 3 0x0000000000000008
SeLockMemoryPrivilege 4 0x0000000000000010
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege 5 0x0000000000000020
SeMachineAccountPrivilege 6 0x0000000000000040
SeTcbPrivilege 7 0x0000000000000080
SeSecurityPrivilege 8 0x0000000000000100
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege 9 0x0000000000000200
SeLoadDriverPrivilege 10 0x0000000000000400
SeSystemProfilePrivilege 11 0x0000000000000800
SeSystemtimePrivilege 12 0x0000000000001000
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege 13 0x0000000000002000
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege 14 0x0000000000004000
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege 15 0x0000000000008000
SeCreatePermanentPrivilege 16 0x0000000000010000
SeBackupPrivilege 17 0x0000000000020000
SeRestorePrivilege 18 0x0000000000040000
SeShutdownPrivilege 19 0x0000000000080000
SeDebugPrivilege 20 0x0000000000100000
SeAuditPrivilege 21 0x0000000000200000
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege 22 0x0000000000400000
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege 23 0x0000000000800000
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege 24 0x0000000001000000
SeUndockPrivilege 25 0x0000000002000000
SeSyncAgentPrivilege 26 0x0000000004000000
SeEnableDelegationPrivilege 27 0x0000000008000000
SeManageVolumePrivilege 28 0x0000000010000000
SeImpersonatePrivilege 29 0x0000000020000000
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege 30 0x0000000040000000
SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege 31 0x0000000080000000
SeRelabelPrivilege 32 0x0000000100000000
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege 33 0x0000000200000000
SeTimeZonePrivilege 34 0x0000000400000000
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege 35 0x0000000800000000
SeCreateJobPrivilege (Peios) 62 0x4000000000000000
SeBindPrivilegedPortPrivilege (Peios) 63 0x8000000000000000

§13.6.11.12 Token GenericMapping

Used when AccessCheck evaluates a token's own SD (e.g., when opening a token fd):

Field Value
read TOKEN_QUERY | READ_CONTROL = 0x00020008
write TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_ADJUST_GROUPS | TOKEN_ADJUST_DEFAULT | WRITE_DAC = 0x000400E0
execute TOKEN_IMPERSONATE = 0x00000004
all TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS = 0x000F01FF

§13.6.11.13 kacs_access_check_list: results_count

results_count MUST equal the number of nodes in the object_tree_ptr array passed in kacs_access_check_args. If they differ, the syscall returns -EINVAL.